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(b) We will now select a moment arm for the micro-muscle designed in part (a). The micro- muscle must generate a peak active moment of at least 0.14 pN·mm. What is the smallest moment arm that will achieve this objective?

(c) Suppose the micro-muscle spans an ideal pin joint and the muscle has the moment arm computed in part (b) when at its optimal length (

Mathinline
body--uriencoded--\ell_%7B\mathrm%7Bo%7D%7D%5e%7B\mathrm%7BM%7D%7D
). What is the joint displacement (
Mathinline
body\Delta \theta
) beyond which the micro- muscle will generate zero active force? Assume the muscle has the linear force–length relationship shown here:

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