This problem was contributed by Carmichael Ong at Stanford University.
An experiment is performed in which a muscle–tendon unit is fixed at some (unknown) length , the muscle is activated to a specified level, and the force is measured after the muscle and tendon reach equilibrium (steady state). The muscle has the following force–length relationships:
The tendon has the following force–strain relationship:
The muscle and tendon parameters are , , , and pennation .
For each of the following experimental conditions, calculate and .
(a) ,
(b) ,
(c) ,
(d) ,